Yoga is an excellent way to improve flexibility, balance, and overall well-being, and having the right gear can make all the difference in your practice. A good pair of socks can provide the necessary grip, comfort, and support to help you move through various yoga poses with confidence. When it comes to adding some fun and personality to your yoga routine, novelty socks are an excellent choice. They come in a wide range of colors, patterns, and designs, allowing you to express your unique style and add some humor to your practice.
Whether you’re a seasoned yogi or just starting out, finding the perfect pair of socks can be a challenge. With so many options available, it can be overwhelming to choose the right one. If you’re looking for a way to elevate your yoga practice and add some personality to your outfit, consider investing in the best women’s yoga novelty socks. From grip socks with fun designs to compression socks with vibrant colors, there are countless options to choose from. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at some of the top-rated yoga socks on the market, providing you with the information you need to make an informed decision and find the perfect pair to suit your needs and style.
Before moving on to our review of the best women’s yoga novelty socks, let’s first take a look at some related products available on Amazon:
Last update on 2026-01-17 / Affiliate links / Paid Links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API
Introduction to Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks
Women’s yoga novelty socks have become a popular trend in the yoga community, offering a fun and creative way to express oneself while practicing yoga. These socks are designed to provide comfort, support, and a touch of personality to any yoga practice. With a wide range of designs, colors, and styles available, women can choose the perfect pair to match their unique personality and yoga style.
Yoga novelty socks are not just about making a fashion statement, but also about providing a functional purpose. They are designed to keep feet warm, dry, and comfortable during yoga practice, while also providing traction and grip to prevent slipping on the mat. Many yoga novelty socks are made from high-quality materials that are breathable, moisture-wicking, and quick-drying, making them perfect for hot yoga, vinyasa flow, and other intense yoga practices.
The best women’s yoga novelty socks are those that combine style, comfort, and functionality. They are designed to make a statement, while also providing the support and comfort needed for a great yoga practice. Whether you’re looking for a pair with a fun design, a bold color, or a inspirational quote, there’s a pair of yoga novelty socks out there to suit your taste and personality.
When it comes to choosing the right pair of yoga novelty socks, there are many options available. From ankle socks to knee-high socks, and from subtle designs to bold statements, the choices are endless. By wearing a pair of the best women’s yoga novelty socks, women can add a touch of fun and personality to their yoga practice, while also staying comfortable and supported. With so many great options available, it’s easy to find the perfect pair to match your unique style and yoga practice.
Top 5 Best Women’S Yoga Novelty Socks
1. Zen Master Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks
The Zen Master Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks are a top choice among yogis, and for good reason. These socks are designed with comfort and style in mind, featuring fun and quirky designs that add a touch of personality to any yoga outfit. The soft, breathable material and arch support make them perfect for even the most intense yoga sessions. Whether you’re a seasoned yogi or just starting out, these socks are sure to become a favorite.
One of the standout features of the Zen Master Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks is their grip. The textured soles provide excellent traction, preventing slipping and sliding on the mat. This is especially important for poses that require balance and stability, such as tree pose or warrior II. The socks also come in a variety of colors and designs, so you can choose the pair that best fits your personality and style. With their unique blend of comfort, support, and fun designs, it’s no wonder the Zen Master Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks are a top choice among women who practice yoga.
2. Yoga Paws Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks
The Yoga Paws Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks are a great choice for anyone looking to add some fun and whimsy to their yoga practice. These socks feature adorable paw print designs that are sure to bring a smile to your face. But don’t let their cute appearance fool you – these socks are also designed with performance in mind. The moisture-wicking material and arch support make them perfect for even the most intense yoga sessions.
The Yoga Paws Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks are also incredibly durable, with a reinforced toe and heel that can withstand even the toughest yoga practices. The grip on these socks is also excellent, with textured soles that provide traction and prevent slipping. Whether you’re practicing hot yoga, vinyasa flow, or restorative yoga, these socks are sure to provide the comfort and support you need. With their fun designs and high-quality construction, the Yoga Paws Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks are a great choice for any yogi.
3. Namaste Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks
The Namaste Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks are a great choice for anyone looking to add some spiritual flair to their yoga practice. These socks feature beautiful, inspirational designs that are sure to motivate and uplift you as you practice. The soft, breathable material and arch support make them perfect for even the most intense yoga sessions, and the moisture-wicking properties help keep your feet dry and comfortable.
One of the standout features of the Namaste Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks is their attention to detail. The socks feature intricate, hand-drawn designs that are both beautiful and meaningful. The socks also come in a variety of colors and designs, so you can choose the pair that best fits your personality and style. Whether you’re practicing yoga for physical, mental, or spiritual benefits, the Namaste Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks are sure to provide the comfort and inspiration you need. With their unique blend of style, comfort, and spiritual flair, these socks are a great choice for any yogi.
4. Down Dog Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks
The Down Dog Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks are a great choice for anyone looking to add some fun and humor to their yoga practice. These socks feature adorable designs that poke fun at common yoga poses and stereotypes, and are sure to bring a smile to your face. But don’t let their playful appearance fool you – these socks are also designed with performance in mind. The soft, breathable material and arch support make them perfect for even the most intense yoga sessions.
The Down Dog Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks are also incredibly comfortable, with a cushioned toe and heel that provide extra support and comfort. The grip on these socks is also excellent, with textured soles that provide traction and prevent slipping. Whether you’re practicing yoga for physical, mental, or spiritual benefits, these socks are sure to provide the comfort and support you need. With their fun designs and high-quality construction, the Down Dog Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks are a great choice for any yogi who wants to add some humor and personality to their practice.
5. Warrior Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks
The Warrior Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks are a great choice for anyone looking to add some strength and empowerment to their yoga practice. These socks feature bold, inspiring designs that are sure to motivate and uplift you as you practice. The soft, breathable material and arch support make them perfect for even the most intense yoga sessions, and the moisture-wicking properties help keep your feet dry and comfortable.
One of the standout features of the Warrior Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks is their durability. The socks are made with high-quality materials that can withstand even the toughest yoga practices, and the reinforced toe and heel provide extra support and comfort. The socks also come in a variety of colors and designs, so you can choose the pair that best fits your personality and style. Whether you’re practicing yoga for physical, mental, or spiritual benefits, the Warrior Women’s Yoga Novelty Socks are sure to provide the comfort and inspiration you need. With their unique blend of style, comfort, and empowerment, these socks are a great choice for any yogi who wants to tap into their inner strength and warrior spirit.
Why do people need to buy women’s yoga novelty socks
Yoga has become an essential part of many people’s daily routines, providing numerous physical and mental health benefits. To enhance their yoga experience, individuals are looking for ways to express their personality and add some fun to their practice. This is where women’s yoga novelty socks come into play, offering a unique and exciting way to personalize one’s yoga gear. With a wide range of designs, colors, and patterns available, these socks have become a must-have accessory for many yoga enthusiasts.
One of the primary reasons people need to buy women’s yoga novelty socks is to add some personality to their yoga practice. These socks are not just functional, but they also make a statement, allowing individuals to express their creativity and showcase their unique sense of style. Whether it’s a pair of socks with a fun design, a bold color, or an inspirational quote, women’s yoga novelty socks provide an excellent way to stand out from the crowd and make a fashion statement.
In addition to their aesthetic appeal, women’s yoga novelty socks also offer several practical benefits. They provide arch support, cushioning, and traction, making them an excellent choice for yoga practice. The best women’s yoga novelty socks are designed to keep feet dry and comfortable, even during the most intense yoga sessions. With their moisture-wicking properties and breathable materials, these socks help prevent blisters and discomfort, allowing individuals to focus on their practice without any distractions.
Overall, women’s yoga novelty socks have become an essential accessory for many yoga enthusiasts. They offer a unique combination of style, comfort, and functionality, making them a must-have item for anyone looking to enhance their yoga experience. With their wide range of designs, colors, and patterns, these socks provide an excellent way to express one’s personality and add some fun to their practice. Whether you’re a seasoned yogi or just starting out, women’s yoga novelty socks are an excellent choice for anyone looking to take their yoga practice to the next level.
Benefits of Wearing Yoga Novelty Socks
Wearing yoga novelty socks can provide numerous benefits for individuals who practice yoga regularly. One of the primary advantages is that these socks can help improve grip and traction on the yoga mat, reducing the risk of slipping and falling. This is especially important for individuals who practice hot yoga or other styles that involve a lot of sweating. Additionally, yoga novelty socks can help keep feet warm and comfortable during practice, which can be beneficial for individuals who practice yoga in cold studios or during the winter months.
Yoga novelty socks can also help to express one’s personality and style. With a wide range of designs and colors available, individuals can choose socks that reflect their unique personality and add some fun to their yoga practice. This can help to make yoga more enjoyable and engaging, which can be especially beneficial for individuals who are new to the practice. Furthermore, wearing yoga novelty socks can help to create a sense of community and connection with other yogis, as individuals can bond over their shared love of yoga and fun socks.
In addition to the physical and social benefits, wearing yoga novelty socks can also have a positive impact on one’s mental and emotional well-being. Yoga is a practice that is deeply rooted in mindfulness and self-awareness, and wearing fun and colorful socks can help to promote a sense of playfulness and joy. This can be especially beneficial for individuals who are struggling with stress, anxiety, or other mental health challenges, as it can help to provide a much-needed distraction and mood boost.
Overall, wearing yoga novelty socks can be a great way to enhance one’s yoga practice and overall well-being. With their numerous physical, social, and emotional benefits, it’s no wonder that yoga novelty socks have become a popular trend among yogis of all levels. Whether you’re a seasoned practitioner or just starting out, incorporating yoga novelty socks into your practice can be a great way to add some fun and personality to your yoga routine.
How to Choose the Right Yoga Novelty Socks
Choosing the right yoga novelty socks can be a bit overwhelming, especially with the numerous options available on the market. One of the most important factors to consider is the material of the socks. Look for socks made from breathable, moisture-wicking materials that will help to keep your feet dry and comfortable during practice. Additionally, consider the thickness and cushioning of the socks, as well as the level of arch support and grip.
Another important factor to consider is the style and design of the socks. With a wide range of colors, patterns, and designs available, you can choose socks that reflect your unique personality and style. Consider the color scheme and aesthetic of your yoga studio, as well as your personal preferences and fashion sense. You may also want to consider the occasion and type of yoga practice you will be using the socks for, as some socks may be more suitable for certain styles or levels of practice.
In addition to the material and style, it’s also important to consider the size and fit of the socks. Look for socks that are comfortable and snug, but not too tight or constricting. You may want to consider purchasing socks from a brand that offers a range of sizes, as well as a comfortable and breathable toe seam. Finally, consider the price and value of the socks, as well as any additional features or benefits they may offer, such as antimicrobial properties or eco-friendly materials.
Ultimately, the right yoga novelty socks will depend on your individual preferences and needs. By considering factors such as material, style, size, and price, you can find the perfect socks to enhance your yoga practice and overall well-being. Whether you’re looking for a fun and playful pair or a more serious and functional pair, there are numerous options available to suit your unique needs and style.
Yoga Novelty Socks for Different Yoga Styles
Different yoga styles require different types of socks, and choosing the right socks can help to enhance your practice and overall experience. For example, individuals who practice hot yoga or other styles that involve a lot of sweating may want to look for socks made from moisture-wicking materials that will help to keep their feet dry and comfortable. On the other hand, individuals who practice more gentle or restorative styles may prefer socks made from softer, more breathable materials that will provide a sense of comfort and relaxation.
Individuals who practice more dynamic or fast-paced styles, such as vinyasa or ashtanga, may want to look for socks that provide a bit more grip and traction on the mat. This can help to prevent slipping and falling, and can also provide a sense of stability and confidence during practice. Additionally, individuals who practice yoga outdoors or in cold weather may want to look for socks that provide a bit more warmth and insulation, such as socks made from thicker or more thermal materials.
In addition to the type of yoga style, it’s also important to consider the level of practice and individual needs. For example, beginners may want to look for socks that provide a bit more support and stability, while more advanced practitioners may prefer socks that are more minimalistic and allow for a greater range of motion. Ultimately, the right yoga novelty socks will depend on your individual needs and preferences, as well as the specific style and level of practice.
By choosing the right yoga novelty socks for your specific style and needs, you can help to enhance your practice and overall experience. Whether you’re looking for a fun and playful pair or a more serious and functional pair, there are numerous options available to suit your unique needs and style. With the right socks, you can stay comfortable, confident, and focused during practice, and can also add a bit of personality and flair to your yoga routine.
Caring for Your Yoga Novelty Socks
To get the most out of your yoga novelty socks, it’s essential to care for them properly. One of the most important things to consider is how to wash and dry the socks. Look for socks made from materials that are easy to care for, such as machine washable materials that can be tossed in the washing machine and dryer. Avoid using harsh detergents or bleach, as these can damage the materials and cause the socks to lose their shape or color.
In addition to washing and drying, it’s also important to consider how to store and maintain your yoga novelty socks. Look for a cool, dry place to store the socks, away from direct sunlight and moisture. You may also want to consider using a sock drawer or organizer to keep your socks tidy and organized. To prevent the socks from getting lost or misplaced, consider purchasing a few pairs at a time, or looking for socks with a small pocket or pouch to store small items like keys or jewelry.
To extend the life of your yoga novelty socks, it’s also important to avoid wearing them too frequently or in situations where they may get damaged. For example, avoid wearing the socks outdoors or in situations where they may get exposed to rough or abrasive surfaces. You may also want to consider having a few pairs of socks on hand, so you can rotate them and give each pair a chance to rest and recover.
By following these tips and guidelines, you can help to extend the life of your yoga novelty socks and keep them looking and feeling their best. With proper care and maintenance, your socks can remain a fun and functional part of your yoga practice for months to come. Whether you’re looking to add some personality to your practice or simply want a comfortable and reliable pair of socks, proper care and maintenance can help you get the most out of your yoga novelty socks.
Buying Guide for Women’s Yoga Socks
When it comes to practicing yoga, having the right gear can make all the difference in your performance and overall experience. One often overlooked but essential item is a good pair of yoga socks. With so many options available in the market, choosing the right one can be overwhelming. In this guide, we will discuss the key factors to consider when buying the best women’s yoga novelty socks to help you make an informed decision.
Material and Comfort
The material and comfort of the socks are crucial factors to consider when buying yoga socks. You want to look for socks made from breathable, moisture-wicking materials that will keep your feet dry and comfortable during your practice. Synthetic materials like polyester and nylon are popular choices for yoga socks because they are quick-drying and provide a snug fit. On the other hand, natural fibers like cotton and bamboo are also great options for those who prefer a more eco-friendly choice. When choosing the material, consider your personal preferences and the type of yoga you practice.
The comfort of the socks is also essential, especially if you practice yoga for extended periods. Look for socks with a cushioned sole and a seamless construction to prevent blisters and irritation. A good pair of yoga socks should fit snugly but not too tight, allowing for a full range of motion. You may also want to consider socks with arch support and a grip sole to provide extra stability and traction on your yoga mat. By choosing the right material and considering the comfort of the socks, you can ensure a comfortable and enjoyable yoga practice.
Grip and Traction
Grip and traction are critical factors to consider when buying yoga socks. A good pair of yoga socks should provide a secure grip on your yoga mat to prevent slipping and falling. Look for socks with a textured sole or grip dots to provide extra traction. The grip should be sufficient to keep your feet in place, but not so sticky that it restricts your movement. You may also want to consider socks with a non-slip coating or a silicone grip to provide extra stability.
The type of grip and traction you need will depend on the type of yoga you practice and your personal preferences. For example, if you practice hot yoga or power yoga, you may need socks with extra grip to prevent slipping on a sweaty mat. On the other hand, if you practice gentle yoga or restorative yoga, you may prefer socks with a more subtle grip. By considering the grip and traction of the socks, you can ensure a safe and confident yoga practice.
Style and Design
The style and design of the socks are also important factors to consider when buying yoga socks. You want to choose socks that reflect your personal style and make you feel confident and comfortable. Look for socks with fun and colorful designs, or opt for more subtle and neutral colors. Some yoga socks also feature motivational quotes or inspiring messages to help you stay focused and motivated during your practice.
The design of the socks should also consider the type of yoga you practice. For example, if you practice yoga outdoors or in a hot studio, you may want to choose socks with a breathable mesh panel to keep your feet cool. On the other hand, if you practice yoga in a cold studio, you may prefer socks with a thicker, warmer design. By choosing socks that fit your personal style and the type of yoga you practice, you can add a fun and expressive touch to your yoga practice.
Size and Fit
The size and fit of the socks are crucial factors to consider when buying yoga socks. You want to choose socks that fit comfortably and snugly, without being too tight or too loose. Look for socks with a range of sizes to ensure a comfortable fit, and consider the material and stretch of the socks. Some yoga socks are designed to fit specific foot shapes or sizes, so be sure to check the sizing chart before making a purchase.
The fit of the socks should also consider the type of yoga you practice. For example, if you practice yoga that involves a lot of standing or balancing poses, you may want to choose socks with a more secure fit to prevent slipping or falling. On the other hand, if you practice yoga that involves a lot of seated or reclined poses, you may prefer socks with a looser fit to allow for a full range of motion. By choosing socks that fit comfortably and snugly, you can ensure a confident and enjoyable yoga practice.
Brand and Quality
The brand and quality of the socks are also important factors to consider when buying yoga socks. You want to choose socks from a reputable brand that is known for producing high-quality, durable products. Look for brands that specialize in yoga socks and have a reputation for excellence. Some popular brands offer a range of yoga socks with different features and benefits, so be sure to research and compare different options.
The quality of the socks should also consider the materials, construction, and craftsmanship. Look for socks made from high-quality materials that are breathable, moisture-wicking, and durable. A good pair of yoga socks should be able to withstand repeated washing and wear, and should not lose their shape or grip over time. By choosing socks from a reputable brand and considering the quality of the materials and construction, you can ensure a long-lasting and comfortable yoga practice.
Price and Value
The price and value of the socks are also important factors to consider when buying yoga socks. You want to choose socks that offer good value for the price, and that fit within your budget. Look for socks that are priced reasonably and offer a range of features and benefits. Some yoga socks may be more expensive due to the high-quality materials or advanced features, but may be worth the investment for serious yogis. On the other hand, more affordable options may be a good choice for beginners or those on a budget.
When considering the price and value of the socks, be sure to think about the benefits of wearing the best women’s yoga novelty socks. A good pair of yoga socks can enhance your practice, provide comfort and support, and add a fun and expressive touch to your yoga routine. By choosing socks that offer good value for the price, you can ensure a comfortable and enjoyable yoga practice without breaking the bank. By considering the price and value of the socks, you can make an informed decision and find the perfect pair of yoga socks to suit your needs and budget.
FAQs
What are the benefits of wearing novelty yoga socks?
Wearing novelty yoga socks can bring a touch of fun and personality to your yoga practice. They come in a wide range of colors, patterns, and designs, allowing you to express yourself and showcase your unique style. Additionally, novelty yoga socks can help to create a sense of community and camaraderie among yoga practitioners, as they can be a great conversation starter and help to break the ice.
Novelty yoga socks can also provide a number of practical benefits, such as improved grip and traction on the yoga mat, which can help to prevent slipping and falling. They can also provide arch support and cushioning, which can help to reduce discomfort and fatigue during long yoga practices. Furthermore, many novelty yoga socks are made from moisture-wicking materials, which can help to keep your feet dry and comfortable during even the most intense yoga sessions.
How do I choose the right size of novelty yoga socks?
Choosing the right size of novelty yoga socks is important to ensure a comfortable and secure fit. To choose the right size, you should start by checking the sizing chart provided by the manufacturer. This will give you an idea of the corresponding shoe size and foot length for each size of sock. You should also consider the type of yoga you will be doing, as well as your personal preference for fit.
If you prefer a snug fit, you may want to choose a smaller size, while if you prefer a looser fit, you may want to choose a larger size. It’s also a good idea to read reviews from other customers to get an idea of how the socks fit and whether they run true to size. Additionally, you may want to consider the material of the socks, as some materials may stretch more than others, which can affect the fit.
Can I wear novelty yoga socks for other activities besides yoga?
Yes, novelty yoga socks can be worn for a variety of activities besides yoga. They can be a great choice for other low-impact activities, such as Pilates, tai chi, or barre class. They can also be worn as a fun and comfortable accessory for everyday activities, such as running errands or lounging around the house. Additionally, many novelty yoga socks are designed to be versatile and can be dressed up or down, making them a great choice for a variety of occasions.
However, it’s worth noting that novelty yoga socks may not be the best choice for high-impact activities, such as running or hiking, as they may not provide enough support or cushioning. They may also not be the best choice for activities that involve water or heavy sweating, as they may become slippery or uncomfortable. But for low-impact activities or everyday wear, novelty yoga socks can be a great choice.
How do I care for my novelty yoga socks?
To care for your novelty yoga socks, you should start by checking the care instructions provided by the manufacturer. This will give you specific guidance on how to wash and dry the socks. In general, it’s best to wash novelty yoga socks in cold water and avoid using bleach or harsh detergents. You should also avoid putting them in the dryer, as this can cause them to shrink or lose their shape.
Instead, you can air dry them or tumble dry them on a low setting. It’s also a good idea to wash them inside out to protect the colors and designs. Additionally, you may want to consider washing them separately from other clothes to prevent pilling or snagging. By following these care instructions, you can help to extend the life of your novelty yoga socks and keep them looking their best.
Are novelty yoga socks worth the investment?
Yes, novelty yoga socks can be worth the investment for a number of reasons. Firstly, they can provide a number of practical benefits, such as improved grip and traction, arch support, and moisture-wicking properties. They can also be a great way to express yourself and showcase your unique style, which can be a fun and empowering experience.
Additionally, many novelty yoga socks are made from high-quality materials and are designed to be durable and long-lasting. While they may be more expensive than basic yoga socks, they can provide a number of benefits that make them worth the investment. Furthermore, novelty yoga socks can be a great way to treat yourself and reward your hard work and dedication to your yoga practice. By investing in a pair of novelty yoga socks, you can show yourself that you value your health and wellness, and that you’re willing to invest in products that make you feel good.
Can I find novelty yoga socks for specific yoga styles or practices?
Yes, you can find novelty yoga socks that are specifically designed for certain yoga styles or practices. For example, you can find socks that are designed for hot yoga, which are typically made from moisture-wicking materials and have a more minimalist design to allow for maximum breathability. You can also find socks that are designed for restorative yoga, which are typically made from softer materials and have a more relaxed fit.
Additionally, you can find socks that are designed for specific yoga practices, such as Kundalini or Hatha yoga. These socks may feature specific designs or symbols that are associated with these practices, and may be made from materials that are specifically chosen for their spiritual or energetic properties. By choosing a pair of novelty yoga socks that is specifically designed for your yoga style or practice, you can show your commitment and dedication to your practice, and can enhance your overall yoga experience.
Where can I buy novelty yoga socks?
You can buy novelty yoga socks from a variety of retailers, both online and in-store. Some popular places to buy novelty yoga socks include yoga studios, athletic apparel stores, and online retailers. You can also find novelty yoga socks on websites that specialize in yoga gear and accessories. When shopping for novelty yoga socks, it’s a good idea to read reviews and do some research to find the best pair for your needs and preferences.
Additionally, you may want to consider shopping from brands that are known for their high-quality and comfortable yoga socks. Some popular brands include Lululemon, Athleta, and Prana. You can also find novelty yoga socks from smaller, independent brands that specialize in unique and fun designs. By shopping around and doing some research, you can find the perfect pair of novelty yoga socks to enhance your yoga practice and express your personal style.
Final Words
In conclusion, the world of yoga socks has evolved significantly, offering a wide range of options that cater to both functionality and personal style. With the numerous designs and features available, it can be overwhelming to choose the perfect pair that meets your needs and preferences. However, by considering factors such as grip, comfort, and durability, you can make an informed decision that enhances your yoga practice and overall well-being.
Ultimately, investing in a high-quality pair of socks can elevate your yoga experience and provide a sense of confidence and expression. Whether you’re a seasoned yogi or just starting out, the best women’s yoga novelty socks can add a touch of personality and flair to your practice. By selecting a pair that aligns with your values and style, you can take your yoga journey to the next level and enjoy the many benefits that this ancient practice has to offer, from improved flexibility and balance to reduced stress and increased overall wellness.